Clone the Messiah page (CloneM)

On this page I announce to the world for the first time my project to Clone the Messiah to bring about the prophesied return of the Messiah to the waiting Earth, through a combination of science and religious practice. This shall come to pass through the cloning of the DNA of the live blood of Jesus transubstantiated in the celebration of the Holy Eucharist.

Ye men of Galilee, why stand ye gazing up into heaven? This same Jesus, which is taken up from you into heaven, shall so come in like manner as ye have seen him go into heaven. ----Acts 1:11

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Page contents

Introduction

The Project

. . . Phase 1: Research

. . . Phase 2: Choice of the Special Celebrant of the Eucharist

. . . Phase 3: Choice of the Second Mother of Jesus

. . . Phase 4: The Holy Eucharist and the Cloning

. . . Phase 5: The Second Coming

. . . Phase 6: Jesus Incarnate on the Net

. . . . . . Phase 6.1 Web site of the Messiah

. . . . . . Phase 6.2 The Incarnation on the Net

. . . . . . Phase 6.3 Ongoing activity on the Web site of the Messiah

Some Web sites offering services today

Future projects

Some lingering doubts and theological issues

. . . The clone of Jesus is not Jesus?

. . . Would the second conception of Jesus be an immaculate one?

. . . Resolution of the question of missing ingredients

. . . Are participants in the Eucharist cannibals?

How you can help

Disclaimer

Other clone-Jesus projects and other links

Copyright


Introduction

The Project here proposed for your consideration is a serious effort to push the limits of theological and scientific possibilities when merged toward a common goal. Neither field requires much pushing. We are already within a year or two of the birth of the first artificially cloned human. (See The first human cloning company.) In fact, clones have occurred quite naturally for centuries -- they are called twins and triplets.

This Project (unlike at least one other) is not a parody or satire. It is not intended to criticize, denigrate, or to distort any religious belief. It is not intended to be sacrilegious.

There are two other main projects underway to clone Jesus: Christians for the Cloning of Jesus and The Second Coming Project (See links.). My Project may appear similar in principle; however, it has an overwhelming advantage over the others. Those projects -- as estimable as one might imagine they are in intent -- use, as a source of DNA, fragments of blood alleged to be that of Jesus, which, if true, have been dead for 20 centuries. That DNA has probably been damaged with the passage of two millennia. Hence the Jesus to be reborn from that DNA would not be Jesus in all His Perfection. My Project will employ DNA taken from the living blood of Jesus -- blood that is less than one minute old. From that we shall clone Jesus in all His perfection.

That the blood of Jesus has been alive (at least sporadically) for those two thousand years through the celebration of the Holy Eucharist, as taught by among others, the Roman Catholic Church, will be the key to our now being able to incarnate Jesus Christ on Earth and usher in a new period of true peace on Earth and goodwill to all mankind.

Some might object that science and religion are two separate (and even incomparable and incompatible) realms. However, as religion has made claims that are, in some cases, claims of fact, not just belief, then religion has chosen in those instances to enter into the realm of making scientific statements. For example, at the heart of this Project is the claim of the Catholic Church of the event of transubstantiation in the ceremony of the Eucharist. This becomes, therefore, more than a religious statement of faith -- it becomes a statement of the existence of something material and tangible. By defintion, this is a claim of a scientific nature. It is just as valid for science, not just religion, to deal with such claims as it was for science to deal with earlier claims by that same Church that the earth was at the the centre of the universe -- claims that the Church enforced by its imposition of death by torture.

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The Project

The Project of Cloning the Messiah involves the following phases.


Phase 1: Research

Research into all aspects of the Project is required to be carried on an ongoing basis -- in particular, the close monitoring of the progress of at least one organization, which is associated with a religion (The Raelian Movement), that is now beginning the cloning of the first human being. See The first human cloning company.

As just one example of the several theological issues to be resolved, consider the debate among bishops of the Church of England as to the exact wording that should occur in their Creed in relation to the Virgin Birth: Church's poster appeal for priests.


Phase 2: Choice of the Special Celebrant of the Eucharist

Careful and delicate efforts will be required in choosing that special person -- preferably a young and devout virginal woman -- who will be the Special Celebrant of the Holy Eucharist. During her celebration of the Eucharist in the traditional fashion, as ordained by the Roman Catholic Church, and as set forth in detail in the Catholic Encyclopedia, her mouth will become the Chalice, so to speak, in which the communion wafer and the sacramental wine is transubstantiated into the Holy Flesh and the Holy Blood of Jesus Christ. I appreciate very much the very extensive invaluable and well-organized resources of the Catholic Encyclopedia and its availability on the Net.

In this and in all such steps outlined below, the active participation of a qualified and ordained Priestly Presence (even though it may be a virtual presence), complete with appropritate solemn religious ceremony, is highly to be desired by the faithfull.


Phase 3: Choice of the Second Mother of Jesus

The Holy Flesh and the Holy Blood retrieved from Phase 2, will serve as the source of a living cell of Jesus Christ, from which the DNA can be extracted for insertion, by the proven technique of nuclear transfer, into an unfertilized human egg (oocyte). That egg, having become fertilized in this process, becomes the zygote of Jesus Christ.

With delicacy and care as assiduous as in the choice made in Phase 1, we now need to choose a virginal young woman to become the Second Mother of Jesus. That this woman will receive tha adoration of many and, indeeed will be looked upon as the Second Virgin Mary, is to be expected. That she might also be the object of the lavishment of financial riches is possible. However, as we would not want her to enter into this Holy Commitment with primarily financial gain in mind, we do impose one contractual term and condition upon her, and that is that she has not entered into any contract of insurance by which she would specifically be paid for having become great with child attendant upon a virgin birth. More specifically, she must warrant that she has not entered into a a commercial policy of the type set out at the following: Insurance Against Virgin Birth.

Phase 4: The Holy Eucharist and the Cloning

In a solemn ceremony of the Celebration of the Eucharist, with all of its religious rites attending, the wafer and the wine in the mouth of the young woman will transubstantiate into the living Holy Flesh and Holy Blood of the New Jesus Christ. Anyone who doubts that this can and will happen can be assured that the Catholic Church teaches that this not only can be so, but must be so -- and demands the same belief of all of its followers, as is clearly stated in the Catholic Encyclopedia. At that time, that material will be carefully and reverently removed from her mouth, and will be first subject to DNA testing. That will be done to ensure that the DNA of Jesus, although being very similar to that of the woman -- and, indeed, to that of all of us -- is distinct from hers, thus proving that the DNA that is not hers can be only that of the New Jesus. What the detailed structure of that Divine DNA is and what it portends will be the subject of my second major project: the Ultimate Code Project.

Into her womb will be implanted the zygote of Jesus Christ, from whence she will become great with child, nigh onto the time that she will bring the New Baby Jesus to birth in this, the Second Virgin Birth.

Since there will always be doubters in this increasingly secular world, it is affirmed that, as part of the Project, the authenticity of any claim of "Virgin Birth by Act of God" would be tested by an independent panel of gynaecologists.

Bells will peal out throughout all of Christendom on the hour of what many believers will consider to be a Blessed Event.


Phase 5: The Second Coming

This Second Virgin Birth of Jesus Christ will mark His Second Coming, as long prophesied. It will mark a new era in human history. We are not so optimistic as to promise that this will occur on 25 Dec 2001, as one organization has proposed. However, it should occur before the end of the year 2003. It is expected, therefore, that the first day of the following year -- the day of 1 Jan 2004 -- will become known by a special term analagous to our present nomenclature of Anno Domini (AD). The term Anno Domini Novi (ADN) has been proposed by that organization. In secular society, that terminology is no more acceptable than is that of AD today - the term Current Era (CE) being preferred. (In fact, a judge in Florida, for religious reasons, has refused to deal with any court document that uses the nomenclature AD in relation to dates.)

A possible nomenclatuure could be New Era (NE). Our proposal is to continue the use of secular dating (CE) as-is.


Phase 6: Jesus Incarnate on the Net

Phase 6.1 Web site of the Messiah

That we have proposed the use of modern technology to help carry out the prophesied resurrection of Jesus Christ should be no more theologically questionable than that we can use the technical aids of reading glasses or the Internet to read the Bible.

Nor are we so overly smug as to claim that, even in this Second Resurrection, it is only, or even primarily, man's intelligence that would make it possible. After all, the complexity of life -- whether it be that of Jesus or of the next child to be born as I type -- is instantiated in all of its marvellous (and, some say, divine) complexity in the human genome. Although the structure of it has been now seen as a whole for the first time (in Early February, 2001), decades of research will be needed to decipher the meanings of its words, its sentences, paragraphs, and the chapters of that great book of life itself. In one sense, that genome is a history of all life on earth. It is like a family tree that links you to your parents and you to other relatives, including, for example, microbes, some of which live inside you.

But now, what of this Reborn Jesus? At what age will He be able to give us answers even more profound than those that we hope to glean from the rich source of the human genome? That the genome can yield some answers is to be expected, but they are not answers of ethics or morality. Those answers may help rid us of the scourage of diseases -- but not of the scourge of wars. For those answers involving human hopes and morals, can we turn to the New Jesus? If so, how? Why would one think that any such new teachings would be any more effective for society than those of the past two millenia, which have proven to be very ineffective?

We propose that, again. we use the best technolgy available to give all people access to the New Living Jesus. That way is by way of the Web. We propose a Web site of the Messiah, complete with a Webmaster and an e-mail address. From that, a new era dawns -- an era wherein it is hoped by the faithful that a prayer will be answered -- for the first time in history -- a prayer submitted on the Net. Glorious to them, indeed, would be that day -- a day in which the New Jerusalem is not "just" that city of yore still fought over by the Israelis and the Palestinians -- but a New Jerusalem of Jesus Incarnate in and on the Internet! And just as much as the Net would reach into the heart and soul of Jesus, it would reach into the heart and soul of all those on the Net, or near a phone, or with a cell phone, or . . . It ushers in a new kind of Communion: Internet Communion.

Phase 6.2 The Incarnation on the Net

The Web site of the Messiah would have to be established -- and widely announced -- before the birth of the New Jesus, and for a very good reason. One would wish to make available to the world, live on the Internet and on TV, the special Eucharistic ceremony in which the wafer and the wine are transubstantiated into the living flesh and blood of the Messiah. The primary bearer of those live tidings of those unprecedented and precious images and sound would be, of course, the Web site of the Messiah. There, all of the world of the faithfull will be able to watch that event -- one that will mark a lifetime milestone in the lives of all the faithfull.

Phase 6.3 Ongoing activity on the Web site of the Messiah

After the Blessed events outlined above have taken place, there are important and ongoing services that would be provided by and through the good auspices of the Web site of the Messiah, and which many will no doubt find to be miraculous.

The closest that we have now to a precedent for such services and such a site are several in kind and number. The following are some Web sites offering services today that most Christians and many of other religions must surely believe offer miraculous insights and special powers by way of the Net. It is not that it is the Net that makes these powers possible -- it only makes them available, especially to those who are remote or confined to home. For those wishing, for example, to have a written prayer put into a niche on the Wailing Wall, the Net already offers a way to do so without having to walk through a cordon of guards with machine guns pointing everywhere. Such are the blessings of the alleged Holy Land.


Some Web sites offering services today

Discovery Online -- Travel Cams Western Wall Cam: http://www.discovery.com/cams/wall/learn.html The people you see here most likely aren't wailing, but they are probably regarding the wall with great reverence. Most are deep in prayer, and many actually write prayers and pleas on little pieces of paper, which they tuck into crevices of the wall. If you like, you may send a note to be placed in the wall at the Aish HaTorah College of Jewish Studies site, at:

. . . Window on the Wall -- Put a Note in The Wall: http://aish.com/components/wallprayer/wallprayersubmit.asp "Window on the Wall" offers a special email service for people who are not in Jerusalem who wish to place a note in the Wall. Type in your prayer. It will be printed out in the Old City of Jerusalem where it will be placed into the Wall by a student of Aish HaTorah. It is tradition to make a contribution so as to give the Almighty an additional reason to answer your prayer. A traditional amount is $18 (or multiples thereof), since 18 is the numerical value of the Hebrew word for Life, "Chai." Any amount is welcomed and appreciated.


View Israel As If You Were There! 360° IPIX Pictures of Israel and the Wall: Please allow at least 30 seconds for the image to download. We know of some problems with the Netscape browser program. If this problem occurs on your computer, please either use the Internet Explorer program and/or try our specially-prepared Netscape Option (Plug-In Version). For using Netscape on the IPIX Homepage, please use the Plug-Ins.): http://israeliculture.about.com/culture/israeliculture/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.virtualjerusalem.com/ipix/index2.htm

Having arrived at this site, you can control the camera. I have seen other Web cams for which this is possible, but this IPIX system is by far the best, smoothest, and most versatile that I have ever seen!


Absolution-Online: http://www.absolution-online.com/ Includes eConfessional, eRosary, Virtual Confessional.

God's WWW Absolution Service: http://www.netstore.de/~god/confess.html


Future projects

Two additional projects are anticipated. The first such is entitled the Ultimate Code Project. Its aim would be to determine the detailed structure of the Divine DNA and to deciphers what it portends.

A second major project is entitled the Divine Kinship Project. Its aim will be to employ the genetic code of the Divine DNA to determine the kinship of any given person to Jesus. Given that all life is related, would you not like to know not only who your third cousins removed are, but what is your exact kinship relationship to Jesus? This will add a whole new dimension to the field of Genealogy.

Both of these additional projects are in the early conceptual stage. Further details of these will be forthcoming.

Some lingering doubts and theological issues

The clone of Jesus is not Jesus?

The skeptic -- and I am one -- could well argue that, even if we were cloning an ordinary person from, say, a strand of hair, that person might appear to be a copy of the original in many ways. But what of the development of that person, even to the age of five years, for example, much less than to the age of thirty? There are many influences that shape a person's life -- both physically and mentally. One's primary language of speech, for example, is shaped very strongly by the age of perhaps about ten. The shaping and growth through experiencs of the hard wiring in the brain plays an important role in not only learning a specific language, but in the ability to learn and use any language in general.

What follows is a note of dissent from the idea that such a clone of Jesus would be the exact Jesus in all respects -- by a spokesman for the Catholic Church, from the following Web site:

[Upstream] Clone Jesus: http://www.mugu.com/pipermail/upstream-list/2000-September/000415.html

Robert Masterson, Hartford Advocate, Sep. 18, 2000 http://www.alternet.org/print.html?StoryID=9795 Viewed on Sep.28, 2000, re the Second Coming Project (SCP) (Web site: www.clonejesus.com).

Richard Doerflinger, associate director of the Secretariat for Pro-Life Activities at the National Conference of Catholic Bishops, did not mind addressing the Catholic Church's position on both human cloning and the SCP's proposal to replicate Jesus Christ. "We're against human cloning," Doerflinger said. "We feel it reduces human reproduction to a manufacturing process... Instead of arising as a gift from a loving union of husband and wife, a human being is manufactured to preordained specifications." As for cloning Jesus, "You can't clone a divine entity," Doerflinger asserted. "You can reproduce the genetic material of the man Jesus Christ but that would not be Jesus Christ. That would be his genetically identical twin brother produced 2000 years later. That human being, from the outset, would be under bizarre and unique expectations from those around him. It's very bad theology to say that because the genetic material is the same that God is incarnate in this person as we, as Catholics, believe that God is incarnate in Jesus Christ." For additional commentary and links, see Other clone-Jesus projects and other links.

That argument sounds plausible to me. What then to make of our Project? To have cloned a human that has the body, brain, and appearance of Jesus Christ, but not His memories and life experiences is a major step, but it is not enough, according to the above argument. One missing ingredient attendant upon that argument, it would appear, is that God intervene and inculcate into that New Jesus Christ those missing ingredients -- perhaps in the form of some Divine spark. I leave it to those with enough faith to pray that this may happen. But there is also one additional missing key ingredient -- namely, how can the second conception of Jesus be immaculate?

Would the second conception of Jesus be an immaculate one?

There is a potential theological problem which will require additional research. One needs to consider the distinction between the concept of the Virgin Birth being the birth of Jesus to the Virgin named Mary, and the Immaculate Conception, which refers to the concept that Mary herself was conceived free of original sin. The rationale for this concept is spelled out in detail in the Catholic Encyclopedia, and is summarized as follows. In the Constitution Ineffabilis Deus of 8 December, 1854, Pius IX pronounced and defined that the Blessed Virgin Mary "in the first instance of her conception, by a singular privilege and grace granted by God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved exempt from all stain of original sin." . The question does not concern the immaculateness of the generative activity of her parents. Neither does it concern the passive conception absolutely and simply, which, according to the order of nature, precedes the infusion of the rational soul. The person is truly conceived when the soul is created and infused into the body. Mary was preserved exempt from all stain of original sin at the first moment of her animation, and sanctifying grace was given to her before sin could have taken effect in her soul.

The formal active essence of original sin was not removed from her soul, as it is removed from others by baptism; it was excluded, it never was simultaneously with the exclusion of sin. The state of original sanctity, innocence, and justice, as opposed to original sin, was conferred upon her, by which gift every stain and fault, all depraved emotions, passions, and debilities, essentially pertaining in her soul to original sin, were excluded. But she was not made exempt from the temporal penalties of Adam -- from sorrow, bodily infirmities, and death.

The immunity from original sin was given to Mary by a singular exemption from a universal law through the same merits of Christ, by which other men are cleansed from sin by baptism. Mary needed the redeeming Saviour to obtain this exemption, and to be delivered from the universal necessity and debt of being subject to original sin. The person of Mary, in consequence of her origin from Adam, should have been subject to sin, but, being the new Eve who was to be the mother of the new Adam, she was, by the eternal counsel of God and by the merits of Christ, withdrawn from the general law of original sin. Her redemption was the very masterpiece of Christ's redeeming wisdom. He is a greater redeemer who pays the debt that it may not be incurred than he who pays after it has fallen on the debtor.

Complicating that issue is the concept that, according to prevailing custom at the time, a couple such as Joseph and Mary would live together for some time as if fully married before they actually vecame married in an official marriage ceremony. In that case, a woman was considered to be -- and was referred to as being -- a virgin until the day of the official marriage. That means that there could have been very many so-called virgin births in those times. It seems to me that, according to the theory enumerated above for the immaculate conception, the question of which kind of virgin birth of Jesus occurred is irrelevant to the internal consistency of that argument.

Resolution of the question of missing ingredients

From the above, it would appear that in order that the the New Jesus be more than a clone of the man Jesus, two ingredients additional to the cloning itself are required:

(a) a Divine Essence must be imparted into the clone of Jesus; and,

(b) a special Divine Grace must be imparted to the Second Mother of Jesus in order for that conception to be as immaculate as was the first conception by Mary.

Are participants in the Eucharist cannibals?

The following question is raised in a FAQ portion of the Catholic Encyclopedia at the following address: The Catholic FAQ: http://www.newadvent.org/faq/faq028.htm.

Question:

Your answer to the question about cannibalism and the Eucharist in the December 1990 issue of This Rock disturbs me. The promise in John 6 of the flesh of Christ to eat and his blood to drink sounds literal. Christ is present substantially (rather than supernaturally); if we eat only the accidents (appearances), how do we eat Christ, who said unless we eat his flesh and drink his blood we will not have life?

Answer by the Church:

Your question unnecessarily posits a conflict between a supernatural presence and a substantial one. Jesus is both substantially present (bread and wine really become his body and blood) and supernaturally present (transubstantiation occurs by the supernatural action of God; the accidents of bread and wine remain without the substances of bread and wine).

In consuming the Eucharistic elements, the physical mechanisms of eating injure only the accidents of bread and wine. The process of consuming the host doesn't involve ripping and tearing Christ's body, despite its substantial presence. This is why the charge of cannibalism won't work.

We can still say Christ's flesh and blood are consumed sacramentally in Holy Communion because what is eaten is literally his body and blood, even if the physical action of eating affects only the accidents of bread and wine.

[Reprinted with permission from the August 1991 issue of This Rock magazine.]

The above argument by the Church concludes that biting on and swallowing the human flesh of Christ in Holy Communion occurs literally -- and is not just symbolic -- but that it is not cannibalism because the flesh was not damaged. It would be interesting to observe how such a line of reasoning could be used in a court of law to defend someone charged with cannibalism who was (a) not involved in the killing of a victim; (b) did not cut the body; (c) did not bite or chew any flesh; but, who (d) swallowed part of the body.

The argument above on behalf of the Church would seem to argue that the body of Christ literally becomes tangible matter during transubstantiation -- but does so as a whole, intact body. In contrast, J. Domínguez, M.D., presumably a devout Catholic, offers what he thinks is proof that Christ's body appears -- in The Eucharistic Miracle of Lanciano -- in part. In fact, there is a photograph on that site of a relic alleged to be a fragment of the flesh of Christ -- certified as being human flesh by several doctors. He does go so far as to assert that, although it may be possible to clone the body of Jesus, that resulting Jesus will not be Jesus, the Christ.

Some links:

Eucharist: http://homepages.utoledo.edu/rgailla/ritual-symbol-sacrament/eucharist.htm . . . A historical overview of the Christian understanding of eucharist is not as easy as one might think. In point of fact, the first developed treatise exclusively addressing itself to the eucharist was written in the ninth century! . . .

QUESTIONS ON THE EUCHARIST - TRANSUBSTANTIATION: http://members.aol.com/johnprh/eucharist.html

The Roman Catholic Mass Refuted - the Eucharist is Not Jesus!: http://www.john14-6.org/catholicmass.htm

Cannibalism: http://www.thegospeltruth.org/02jan20.htm . . . Recently the PBS station had a documentary of the "Secrets of the Dead." It showed the cannibalism that still exists in the Anasazi culture. . . . But what I found very upsetting and totally out of order in this documentary was that it showed in the end a priest holding the Eucharistic Host as if to say that Catholics are cannibals. What an insult to my belief in the Real Presence of Jesus in the Holy Eucharist and what a show of gross ignorance of Catholicism on the part of the producers of this program. . . . The article continues with an unconvincing 'explanation' of why the Eucharist does not involve cannibalism.


How you can help

We will do all in our limited power to hope that all of the above will come to pass. To that end, much study and work needs to be done.

To affirm your faith and to aid in implementing this proposal, of the Project of the Cloning of the Messiah, or to make note of any flaw that you perceive in it, you could send your comments or a note of moral support to the name and address listed here.

What would be your reward for helping so -- even if just in a note of appreciation? Ask yourself how many times and in what ways have any of your prayers ever been answered. Were any of the prayers of those murdered in the Holocausts ever answered -- or of their relatives? If so, in what way? One could ask an even deeper question. Why, if there is such a loving God -- who is also all-powerful and all-knowing -- is prayer even needed? If God saw the little sparrow fall, why did he not help it?

Then ask yourself what it would be like to have the reborn Jesus Christ alive on earth and on the Internet to give to you directly -- yes, even to you by personal e-mail -- here on Earth, His answers that you might receive -- and that you might receive in abundance.


Disclaimer

You can be assured that the proposed efforts and statements herein in no way constitute any intention on my part to establish a new religion or cult of any kind. We have enough of them in the world already!

You may assume that any promises made herein, whether express or implied, in no way exceed those of the mainline churches of Christendom. In fact, I do not go so far as they do in promising you eternal life, and many other things. Far be it for me to be so presumptuous. Far be it for humble me to promise one jot or tittle more than do those churches. All that I offer, in all honesty -- plain for one to see herein -- is but that these proposed efforts will help as many as possible -- even if only in hope and spirit -- and that it may help to bring to pass a more just and peaceful world for all.

That this text has been written in the context of Christianity is essential and inevitable. However, that text and the references to the Wailing Wall shall in no way be construed as being an effort of any kind on the part of the Project to convert anyone of any other faith to Christianity.

This Disclaimer supersedes all other warranties express or implied, and does not constitute an offer. In particular, it does not purport to in any way serve as a validation of the authenticity of any claim of "Virgin Birth by Act of God" for purposes of the payment of insurance of the form specified in the following: Insurance Against Virgin Birth, as set out therein.


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You can e-mail me at waynerp@sympatico.ca


Copyright

I have included on this page limited extracts (shown in maroon) from The Catholic Encyclopedia: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/ in what I consider to be fair use of copyrighted material. I acknowledge that such copyright vests in the following, as copied from that site: Copyright © 2000 by Kevin Knight. All rights reserved. Kevin Knight is the webmaster of the New Advent website (www.newadvent.org).

More particularly, to the extracts concerning the immaculate conception, the following applies, as copied from that document :

The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume VII
Copyright © 1910 by Robert Appleton Company
Online Edition Copyright © 1999 by Kevin Knight
Nihil Obstat, June 1, 1910. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor
Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York

The contents of this Web site and of this page thereof in text that is shown in black are © Copyright 2001 of Wayne R. Paulson.